May 1st, also known as Labour Day or International Workers’ Day, has a deep and powerful history that dates back to the 19th century. While many still remember the communist-era parades and political propaganda tied to this date before 1989, the origins of the holiday are far older and international in nature. Please note that, despite being a public holiday, most stores in the Czech Republic are open on May 1st.
The Origins of Labour Day
The roots of Labour Day go back to the United States in the late 1800s, when the labor movement was gaining strength. One of the core demands of workers was simple but revolutionary: an eight-hour workday.
In 1886, the city of Chicago became a major center of this movement. On May 1st, a massive protest took place, continuing peacefully for several days. However, on May 4th, a violent clash between police and protesters occurred during a demonstration at Haymarket Square, resulting in multiple deaths.
These tragic events, now known as the Haymarket Affair, pushed the government to begin accepting the demand for better working conditions. In 1889, the Second International (a worldwide organization of socialist and labor parties) declared May 1st the official International Workers’ Day, to honor the events in Chicago.
The first Labour Day celebration in the Czech lands took place in 1890, on Střelecký Island in Prague.
Love is in the Air: The Czech May Day Tradition
Interestingly, May 1st in the Czech Republic is not only a day of workers’ rights—it is also celebrated as the Day of Love, similar to Valentine’s Day in other countries.
This romantic tradition is largely inspired by the famous 19th-century Czech poem “Máj” (May) by Karel Hynek Mácha, which paints a picture of love and springtime. On May 1st, it’s common for couples to visit Petřín Hill in Prague, where they place flowers by the statue of Mácha.
A Sweet Tradition: Kissing Under a Cherry Tree
One of the most charming customs on this day is the kiss under a blooming cherry tree. According to Czech tradition, a kiss beneath a blossoming tree will bring beauty and vitality to the woman kissed—and ensure she “does not wither” in the year to come.
